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\/>\n\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u6307\u5f37\u8005\u6108\u5f37\u3001\u5f31\u8005\u6108\u5f31\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b78\u7b49\u773e\u591a\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5176\u540d\u5b57\u4f86\u81ea\u8056\u7d93\u300a\u65b0\u7d04\u00b7\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u58f9\u5247\u5bd3\u8a00\uff1a \u201c\u51e1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u52a0\u7d66\u4ed6\u53eb\u4ed6\u591a\u4f59\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u9023\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e5f\u8981\u596a\u904e\u4f86\u3002\u201d\u201c\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\u201d\u8207\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u4e4b\u9053\u201d\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u8207\u201c\u4e8c\u516b\u5b9a\u5247\u201d\u6709\u76f8\u985e\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u3002<br \/>\n\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\uff08Matthew Effect\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u597d\u7684\u6108\u597d\uff0c\u58de\u7684\u6108\u58de\uff0c\u591a\u7684\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u5c11\u7684\u6108\u5c11\u7684\u58f9\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u540d\u5b57\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u00b7\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u58f9\u5247\u5bd3\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u00b7\u65b0\u7d04\u300b\u7684\u201c\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u201d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6709\u9019\u9ebd\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u52a0\u7d66\u4ed6\u53eb\u4ed6\u591a\u4f59\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u9023\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e5f\u8981\u596a\u904e\u4f86\u3002\u201d1968\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u83ab\u9813\uff08Robert K. Merton\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u7528\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u58f9\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a\u201c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u8072\u540d\u986f\u8d6b\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8072\u671b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u58f9\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u4e0a\uff0c\u8072\u8b7d\u901a\u5e38\u7d66\u4e88\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u58f9\u500b\u734e\u9805\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u6388\u4e88\u6700\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u58f9\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u201d\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u83ab\u9813\u6b78\u7d0d\u201c\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\u201d\u70ba\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u500b\u9ad4\u3001\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6216\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u58f9\u65e6\u5728\u67d0\u58f9\u500b\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5982\u91d1\u9322\u3001\u540d\u8b7d\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u7b49\uff09\u7372\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u548c\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u58f9\u7a2e\u7a4d\u7d2f\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u548c\u9032\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8853\u8a9e\u5f8c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u754c\u6240\u501f\u7528\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u8ca7\u8005\u6108\u8ca7\uff0c\u5bcc\u8005\u6108\u5bcc\uff0c\u8d0f\u5bb6\u901a\u5403\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e2d\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u516c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u501f\u7528\u9019\u58f9\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u5f37\u8005\u8d8a\u5f37\uff0c\u5f31\u8005\u6108\u5f31\uff0c\u58f9\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebd\u597d\u4e8b\u90fd\u6703\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u982d\u4e0a\u3002\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u7acb\u4e16\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u6028\u5929\u5c24\u4eba\uff0c\u4eba\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u8056\u7d93\u300a\u65b0\u7d04\u00b7\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u58f9\u5247\u5bd3\u8a00\u3002\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u201c\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u201d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u6709\u9019\u9ebd\u5e7e\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u52a0\u7d66\u4ed6\u53eb\u4ed6\u591a\u4f59\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u9023\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e5f\u8981\u596a\u904e\u4f86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u65b0\u7d04\u5168\u66f8\u300b\u4e2d\u99ac\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u7b2c\uff12\uff15\u7ae0\u7684\u5bd3\u8a00\uff08\u548c\u5408\u672c\u8b6f\u6587\uff09\uff1a 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\/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u768430\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u59b3\u7df4\u5c31\u58f9\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8cea<br \/>\n\u8def\u5f91\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7406\u8ad6(Path Dependence)<br \/>\n\u58f9\u65e6\u4eba\u5011\u505a\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u58f9\u689d\u4e0d\u6b78\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u6163\u6027\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6703\u4f7f\u9019\u58f9\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u65b7\u81ea\u6211\u5f37\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u59b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u58f9\u500b\u660e\u78ba\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u8def\u5f91\u4f9d\u8cf4\u201d\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u8afe\u601d\u3002\u4ed6\u7531\u65bc\u7528\u201c\u8def\u5f91\u4f9d\u8cf4\u201d\u7406\u8ad6\u6210\u529f\u5730\u95e1\u91cb\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6f14\u9032\u898f\u5f8b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u4e861993 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\/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u768430\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u59b3\u7df4\u5c31\u58f9\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8cea<br \/>\n\u5967\u5361\u59c6\u5243\u5200\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08Occam&#8217;s Razor, Ockham&#8217;s Razor\uff09\u53c8\u7a31\u201c\u5967\u5eb7\u7684\u5243\u5200\u201d\u3002\u5967\u5361\u59c6\u5243\u5200\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u662f\u753114 \u4e16\u7d00\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u8056\u65b9\u6fdf\u5404\u6703\u4fee\u58eb\u5967\u5361\u59c6\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08William of Occam\uff0c\u7d041285 \u5e74\u81f31349 \u5e74\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u5967\u5361\u59c6\uff08Ockham\uff09\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u7684\u85a9\u88cf\u90e1\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4ed6\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u7bb4\u8a00\u66f8\u8a3b\u300b2 \u537715 \u984c\u8aaa\u201c\u5207\u52ff\u6d6a\u8cbb\u8f03\u591a\u6771\u897f\u53bb\u505a\u7528\u8f03\u5c11\u7684\u6771\u897f\u540c\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u516c\u514314 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\/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u768430\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u59b3\u7df4\u5c31\u58f9\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8cea<br \/>\n\u6688\u8f2a\u6548\u61c9(\u82f1\u6587The Halo Effect\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u201c\u5149\u74b0\u6548\u61c9\u201d\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u6688\u8f2a\u6548\u61c9\u6307\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5224\u65b7\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6839\u64da\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u597d\u60e1\u5f97\u51fa\u7684,\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5224\u65b7\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u88ab\u6a19\u660e\u662f&#8221;\u597d&#8221;\u7684,\u4ed6\u5c31\u6703\u88ab&#8221;\u597d&#8221;\u7684\u5149\u5708\u7c60\u7f69\u8457,\u4e26\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u58f9\u5207\u597d\u7684\u54c1\u8cea;\u5982\u679c\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u88ab\u6a19\u660e\u662f&#8221;\u58de&#8221;\u7684,\u4ed6\u5c31\u6703\u88ab&#8221;\u58de&#8221;\u7684\u5149\u5708\u7c60\u7f69\u8457,\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u58de\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u70c8\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u6216\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u6708\u4eae\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5149\u74b0\u58f9\u6a23\uff0c\u5411\u5468\u570d\u5f4c\u6f2b\u3001\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u54c1\u8cea\u6216\u7279\u9ede\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u5149\u74b0\u6548\u61c9\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u768430\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u59b3\u7df4\u5c31\u58f9\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8cea<br \/>\n\u76ae\u683c\u99ac\u5229\u7fc1\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8b6f\u201c\u7562\u99ac\u9f8d\u6548\u61c9\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6bd4\u99ac\u9f8d\u6548\u61c9\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7f85\u68ee\u5854\u723e\u548c\u96c5\u683c\u5e03\u68ee\u5728\u5c0f\u5b78\u6559\u5b78\u4e0a\u4e88\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u4ea6\u7a31\u201c\u7f85\u68ee\u5854\u723e\u6548\u61c9(RobertRosenthal Effect)\u201d\u6216\u201c\u671f\u5f85\u6548\u61c9\u201d\u3002\u6697\u793a\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548cHU\u89c0\u5ff5UH\uff0c\u6703\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u5225\u4eba\u4e0b\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u4e0d\u81ea\u89ba\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b61\u3001\u6b3d\u4f69\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u548c\u6697\u793a\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8b93\u59b3\u5922\u60f3\u6210\u771f\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u4e4b\u58f9\u2026\u2026<br 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\/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u768430\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u59b3\u7df4\u5c31\u58f9\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8cea<br \/>\n1631 \u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u528d\u6a4b\u5546\u4ebaHU\u970d\u5e03\u68eeUH\u8ca9\u99ac\u6642\uff0c\u628a\u99ac\u5339\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u4f9b\u9867\u5ba2\u6311\u9078\uff0c\u4f46\u9644\u52a0\u4e0a\u58f9\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u8a31\u6311\u6700\u9760\u8fd1\u9580\u908a\u7684\u90a3\u5339\u99ac\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u4e0d\u8b93\u6311\u9078\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u7121\u9078\u64c7\u4f59\u5730\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u9078\u64c7\u201d\uff0c\u5f8c\u4eba\u8b4f\u8af7\u70ba\u201c\u970d\u5e03\u68ee\u9078\u64c7\u6548\u61c9\u201d\u3002<br \/>\n1631 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5de5\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u8207\u61a4\u6012\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u54e1\u5de5\u9677\u5165\u970d\u5e03\u68ee\u9078\u64c7\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u7d04\u675f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u58f9\u5f35\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u9435\u5e8a\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u3001\u5df4\u7d0d\u59c6\u6548\u61c9<br \/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u768430\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u59b3\u7df4\u5c31\u58f9\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8cea<br \/>\n\u4eba\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u8a8d\u70ba\u58f9\u7a2e\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u3001\u58f9\u822c\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5341\u5206\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u5411\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u5df4\u7d0d\u59c6\u6548\u61c9\u201d(Barnum effect)\u3002<br \/>\n\u5df4\u7d0d\u59c6\u6548\u61c9\u53c8\u53eb\u798f\u52d2\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u7531\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f2f\u7279\u502b\u00b7\u798f\u52d2\u82071948 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\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u7267\u5e2b\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8b1b\u5b8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u6350\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7267\u5e2b\u7d42\u65bc\u7d50\u675f\u6f14\u8b1b\u958b\u59cb\u52df\u6350\u6642\uff0c\u904e\u65bc\u6c23\u61a4\u7684\u99ac\u514b.\u5410\u6eab\u4e0d\u50c5\u5206\u6587\u672a\u6350\uff0c\u9084\u5f9e\u76e4\u5b50\u88cf\u5077\u4e862 \u5143\u9322\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u7531\u65bc\u524c\u6fc0\u904e\u591a\u5f37\u6216\u4f5c\u7528\u6642\u9593\u904e\u4e45\uff0c\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u9006\u53cd\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8d85\u9650\u6548\u61c9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u9650\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u555f\u793a<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u904e\u591a\u3001\u904e\u5f37\u6216\u4f5c\u7528\u6642\u9593\u904e\u4e45\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u5c0d\u65b9\u5fc3\u7406\u6975\u4e0d\u8010\u7169\u6216\u9006\u53cd\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6703\u4e8b\u8207\u9858\u9055\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u99ac\u514b.\u5410\u6eab\u58f9\u6a23\u4e0d\u50c5\u4e0d\u6350\u9322\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9084\u5f9e\u76e4\u5b50\u88cf\u5077\u8d70\u4e862 \u5143\u9322\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u8d85\u9650\u6548\u61c9\u53cd\u61c9\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a1\u3001\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3; 2\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u8a3b\u610f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5;3\u3001\u6c92\u80fd\u8a3b\u610f\u201c\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u628a\u63e1;4\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u63db\u4f4d\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u9650\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u8a3b\u610f\u4e8b\u9805<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u505a\u4e8b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u58f9\u5b9a\u8981\u570d\u7e5e\u76ee\u7684\u5c55\u958b;<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u6b65\u9a5f\u58f9\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u76ee\u7684\u5c0d\u7167;<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u5b78\u6703\u7528\u201c\u5357\u98a8\u6cd5\u5247\u201d\u95dc\u5fc3\u3001\u9ad4\u6064\u4e0b\u5c6c;<\/p>\n<p>4\u3001\u5b78\u6703\u7528\u201c\u4e92\u60e0\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5225\u4eba\u505a\u597d\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8003\u616e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u505a\u597d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8b93\u5c0d\u65b9\u6eff\u610f.<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u9650\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u9650\u6548\u61c9\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6642\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u3002\u5982\uff1a\u7576\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u7528\u5fc3\u800c\u6c92\u8003\u597d\u6642\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u6703\u58f9\u6b21\u3001\u5169\u6b21\u3001\u4e09\u6b21\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u56db\u6b21\u3001\u4e94\u6b21\u91cd\u5fa9\u5c0d\u58f9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4f5c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u5f9e\u5167\u759a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5230\u4e0d\u8010\u7169\u6700\u5f8c\u53cd\u611f\u8a0e\u53ad\u3002\u88ab\u201c\u903c\u6025\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u201c\u6211\u504f\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5b69\u5b50\u58f9\u65e6\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u7e3d\u9700\u8981\u58f9\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u624d\u80fd\u6062\u5fa9\u5fc3\u7406\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u5fa9\u6279\u8a55\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc3\u88cf\u6703\u5600\u5495\uff1a\u201c\u600e\u9ebd\u8001\u9019\u6a23\u5c0d\u6211\uff1f\u201d\u5b69\u5b50\u6328\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5fa9\u6b78\u5e73\u975c\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u5fc3\u7406\u5c31\u9ad8\u4ea2\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5bb6\u9577\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u904e\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u61c9\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u201c\u72af\u58f9\u6b21\u932f\uff0c\u53ea\u6279\u8a55\u58f9\u6b21\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u91cd\u5fa9\uff0c\u8981\u63db\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u63db\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u88ab\u201c\u63ea\u4f4f\u4e0d\u653e\u201d\uff0c\u53ad\u7169\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u9006\u53cd\u5fc3\u7406\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u4e4b\u6e1b\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u3001\u767b\u9580\u6abb\u6548\u61c9\uff08Foot In The Door Effect\uff09\u53c8\u7a31\u5f97\u5bf8\u9032\u5c3a\u6548\u61c9<br \/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u768430\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u59b3\u7df4\u5c31\u58f9\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8cea<br \/>\n\u767b\u9580\u6abb\u6548\u61c9\uff08Foot In The Door Effect\uff09\u53c8\u7a31\u5f97\u5bf8\u9032\u5c3a\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u58f9\u500b\u58f9\u65e6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u58f9\u500b\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5354\u8abf\uff0c\u6216\u60f3\u7d66\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ee5\u524d\u5f8c\u58f9\u81f4\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u767b\u9580\u574e\u6642\u8981\u58f9\u7d1a\u81fa\u968e\u58f9\u7d1a\u81fa\u968e\u5730\u767b\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u80fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u66f4\u9806\u5229\u5730\u767b\u4e0a\u9ad8\u8655\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u58f9\u822c\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u8f03\u9ad8\u8f03\u96e3\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8cbb\u6642\u8cbb\u529b\u53c8\u96e3\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u537b\u6a02\u65bc\u63a5\u53d7\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u8f03\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u624d\u6162\u6162\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u767b\u9580\u574e\u6548\u61c9\u201d\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u6d2a\u81ea\u6210\u4e5f\u66fe\u8ac7\u5230\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u83dc\u6839\u8b5a\u300b\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u653b\u4e4b\u60e1\u52ff\u592a\u56b4\uff0c\u8981\u601d\u5176\u582a\u53d7\uff1b\u6559\u4eba\u4e4b\u5584\u52ff\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u7576\u4f7f\u4eba\u53ef\u5f9e\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u9019\u500b\u6548\u61c9\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f17\u88cf\u5fb7\u66fc\u8207\u5f17\u96f7\u745f\u65bc1966\u5e74\u505a\u7684\u201c\u7121\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u5c48\u5f9e\u2014\u2014\u767b\u9580\u574e\u6280\u8853\u201d\u7684\u73fe\u5834\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5be6\u9a57\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff1a\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u8b93\u52a9\u624b\u5230\u5169\u500b\u5c45\u6c11\u5340\u52f8\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u623f\u524d\u8c4e\u58f9\u584a\u5beb\u6709\u201c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u99d5\u99db\u201d\u7684\u5927\u6a19\u8a9e\u724c\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u58f9\u500b\u5c45\u6c11\u5340\u5411\u4eba\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u906d\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u50c5\u70ba\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8005\u7684\uff11\uff17\uff05\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c45\u6c11\u5340\uff0c\u5148\u8acb\u6c42\u5404\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u58f9\u4efd\u8d0a\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u884c\u99db\u7684\u8acb\u9858\u66f8\u4e0a\u7c3d\u5b57\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\u5230\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8005\u90fd\u7167\u8fa6\u4e86\u3002\u5e7e\u5468\u5f8c\u518d\u5411\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u8c4e\u724c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u7adf\u5360\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8005\u7684\uff15\uff15\uff05\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u62d2\u7d55\u96e3\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u6216\u9055\u53cd\u610f\u9858\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u58f9\u65e6\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c0f\u8acb\u6c42\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u62d2\u7d55\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u540c\u610f\u9019\u7a2e\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff1b\u800c\u7576\u4ed6\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u58f9\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u95dc\u5fc3\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u6642\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u62d2\u7d55\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5354\u8abf\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6062\u5fa9\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u58d3\u529b\u5c31\u6703\u652f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5e79\u4e0b\u53bb\u6216\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u614b\u5ea6\u62d3\u6539\u8b8a\u6210\u70ba\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\uff0c\u524d\u58f9\u7d44\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5a66\u540c\u610f\u7387\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8d85\u904e\u534a\u6578\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\u5c0d\u5979\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u58f9\u500b\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u800c\u5f8c\u58f9\u7d44\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5a66\u540c\u610f\u7387\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8db320%\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\u5c0d\u5979\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u58f9\u500b\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u58f9\u7d44\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5a66\u7684\u540c\u610f\u7387\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9ad8\u65bc\u5f8c\u58f9\u7d44\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5a66\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u88cf\u7e3d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u7d66\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u9996\u5c3e\u58f9\u81f4\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u51e1\u52c3\u502b\u6548\u61c9<br \/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u768430\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8b93\u59b3\u7df4\u5c31\u58f9\u96d9\u6167\u773c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8cea<br \/>\n\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u51e1\u52c3\u502b\u63d0\u51fa\u51e1\u52c3\u502b\u6548\u61c9\uff1a\u5546\u54c1\u50f9\u683c\u5b9a\u5f97\u8d8a\u9ad8\u8d8a\u80fd\u66a2\u92b7\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5c0d\u58f9\u7a2e\u5546\u54c1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u56e0\u5176\u6a19\u50f9\u8f03\u9ad8\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8f03\u4f4e\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u9032\u884c\u63ee\u970d\u6027\u6d88\u8cbb\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9858\u671b\u3002<br \/>\n\u6b3e\u5f0f\u3001\u76ae\u8cea\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u58f9\u96d9\u76ae\u978b\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7684\u978b\u5e97\u8ce380 \u5143\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u5927\u5546\u5834\u7684\u6ac3\u81fa\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8ce3\u5230\u5e7e\u767e\u5143\uff0c\u537b\u7e3d\u6709\u4eba\u9858\u610f\u8cb7\u30021.66 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